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  • [Python] LeetCode 121 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock (DP)
    ๐Ÿ’ป Algorithm/Python 2022. 7. 2. 13:50

    ๐Ÿ“Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ

    You are given an array prices where prices[i] is the price of a given stock on the ith day.
    You want to maximize your profit by choosing a single day to buy one stock and choosing a different day in the future to sell that stock.
    Return the maximum profit you can achieve from this transaction. If you cannot achieve any profit, return 0.

    ์˜ˆ์ œ 1

    Input: prices = [7,1,5,3,6,4]
    Output: 5
    Explanation: Buy on day 2 (price = 1) and sell on day 5 (price = 6), profit = 6-1 = 5.
    Note that buying on day 2 and selling on day 1 is not allowed because you must buy before you sell.

    ์˜ˆ์ œ 2

    Input: prices = [7,6,4,3,1]
    Output: 0
    Explanation: In this case, no transactions are done and the max profit = 0.

    ์กฐ๊ฑด

    • 1 <= prices.length <= 105
    • 0 <= prices[i] <= 104

    ๐Ÿ“Œ ํ’€์ด

    ๐Ÿ‘† ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋„ (์‹œ๊ฐ„์ดˆ๊ณผ)

    • profit : i๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ ์— ํŒ”์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์ต
    • (i๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ) - (0~i-1๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚  ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ)์„ profit์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด 0์„ ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • price[0:i]๋กœ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    class Solution(object):
        def maxProfit(self, price):
            profit = [0] * len(price)
            
            for i in range(1, len(price)):
                profit[i] = max(0, price[i] - min(price[0:i]))
            
            return max(profit)

    โœŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋„ (์„ฑ๊ณต)

    • profit : i๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ ์— ํŒ”์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์ต
    • minprice[i] : 0~i-1๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚  ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋˜ ๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ
    • ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‚˜ minprice๋ฅผ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด์‹ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์›์†Œ๋น„๊ต๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    class Solution(object):
        def maxProfit(self, price):
            
            if len(price) == 1:
                return 0
            elif len(price) == 2:
                return max(0, price[1] - price[0])
            else:
                minprice = [0] * len(price)
                profit = [0] * len(price)
                
                minprice[0] = 0
                profit[0] = 0
                
                minprice[1] = price[0]
                profit[1] = max(0, price[1] - minprice[1])
    
                for i in range(2, len(price)):
                    minprice[i] = min(minprice[i-1], price[i-1])
                    profit[i] = max(0, price[i] - minprice[i])
    
                return max(profit)

    ๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ’€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตณ์ด DP๋กœ ํ’€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    โœŒ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋„ (์„ฑ๊ณต)

    • minprice : 0~i๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚  ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ
    • 0 <= prices[i] <= 10^4๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ minprice๋ฅผ price์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ธ 10^4๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  for๋ฌธ์„ ๋Œ๋ฉด์„œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    class Solution(object):
        def maxProfit(self, price):
            
            minprice = 10000
            profit = 0
            
            for i in price:
                profit = max(profit, i - minprice)
                if i < minprice:
                    minprice = i
                
            return profit

    ํŽธ-์•ˆ

     

    ๋Œ“๊ธ€

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